Can K-1 Fiancé Visa Holders Leave the United States?

If you got engaged to a U.S. citizen and then entered the United States on a K-1 fiancé visa, and you are planning to make your permanent home in the U.S., it is best not to plan on leaving again soon. Ideally, you will not depart until you have already gotten married and submitted an application for U.S. residency (a green card). This article explains the details, namely that:

• a K-1 visa is for one-time only use, and
• if you need to leave and return, you'll want to separately apply for an Advance Parole travel document, either separately or as part of your adjustment of status application.

You Can Use Your K-1 Fiancé Visa Only Once

A fiancé visa is good for only one entry into the United States, so you can't later go out and come back using it.

If an emergency comes up before your marriage and you absolutely have to leave, try to make time to apply for a travel document ("Advance Parole"), using Form I-131 (available for free download on the USCIS website) first.

You'll need to either call its Contact Center first or try requesting an in-person appointment directly, via USCIS's online "My Appointment" portal. This is new as of late 2023, so it's impossible to assess whether it will be faster than going through the Contact Center, or what happens if you try both at once. Also, getting an appointment via this online request isn't guaranteed; the agency will evaluate your need after you submit the request.

If you leave the U.S. without a travel document, the consulate might be able to revalidate your K-1 visa back in your home country, but it will take a hard look at your situation first. You could end up having to start over with a new fiancé visa petition.

There's also an exception ("automatic visa revalidation") for making short trips to the U.S.'s border countries, as described in, Can a Fiancé on a K-1 Visa Make a Quick Trip to Canada or Mexico?

You Can Leave U.S. After You've Applied for a Green Card, Using Advance Parole

In theory, once you have gotten married and turned in your application for adjustment of status (a green card) to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), any departure from the United States automatically cancels that application. USCIS will regard you as having abandoned your efforts. However, if you obtain special permission—called Advance Parole—the application will not be cancelled while you are away.

Obtaining Advance Parole is fairly easy when it's part of an adjustment application. Most applicants for adjustment of status simply include the form for it—Form I-131—along with their adjustment application, whether they plan on traveling or not. You need not pay any extra fee to include this application with your adjustment packet.

Of course, as a practical matter, you won't want to be out of the U.S. for too long while awaiting your biometrics appointment and later your in-person adjustment of status interview. Rescheduling can be difficult and lead to long delays.

Getting Legal Help

If you, like many, find the immigration rules and procedures confusing, hiring an immigration attorney to analyze your situation, prepare the paperwork, and monitor your case until its approval can be well worth the cost.