Filling Out Form I-130 for Adult Son or Daughter (Over 21) of U.S. Permanent Resident

Preparing the initial I-130 visa petition required to bring a green card holder's adult child to the United States as a lawful permanent resident.

By , Attorney · Case Western Reserve University School of Law

If you are a U.S. green card holder (permanent resident), you might be able to petition for your foreign-born children who are age 21 or older (referred to as "sons or daughters" by U.S. immigration law) to immigrate to the U.S. and receive lawful permanent residence (green cards).

(See I.N.A. § 203(a), 8 U.S.C. § 1153(a))

To start this process, you will need to prepare and submit a visa petition to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) on Form I-130, with supporting documents and a fee. If petitioning for more than one son or daughter, you'll need to fill out an I-130 for each of them. This article describes how to fill out and submit that form.

What an Approved I-130 Gets Your Foreign-Born Son or Daughter

Filing Form I-130 is only step one in a potentially years-long immigration process for a U.S. green card holder's son or daughter.

Upon I-130 approval by USCIS, such a person will be considered a "second preference relative," in category F2B of the family-based visa preference system. Preference relatives face annual quotas on the number of visas (green cards) given out, and thus might have to wait years after approval of their I-130 for a visa to become available (or their "priority date" to become current) and to continue with their immigrant visa or green card application.

(Compare this, for instance, with the spouse or unmarried child under 21 of a U.S. citizen, who is an "immediate relative" and not part of the family-based visa preference system, and can move forward with the rest of their immigration application with no waiting.)

Also realize that, if your son or daughter is living abroad, they will have to wait until the I-130 is approved and a visa becomes available before coming to live with you. Approval of the I-130 confers no rights to enter or live in the United States.

Who Qualifies as a "Son or Daughter?"

Sons or daughters for whom a U.S. green card holder can petition using USCIS Form I-130 include those who once met U.S. immigration law's definition of a "child," but who have since turned 21—but who remain unmarried.

The definition of "child" for purposes of a visa includes:

  • natural-born children born to married parents
  • natural-born children born to parents who are unmarried—though if the father is the one filing the petition, he will need to prove that he legitimated the child (often by marrying the mother) or established a bona fide parent-child relationship, and
  • stepchildren—so long as the child was 18 or under when the parents married, and the parents are still married.

What if you started the immigration process for your child before they turned 21, so that your child was in category "F2A," for children under 21—but your child turned 21 before getting the green card or immigrant visa?

There's good news and bad news. The bad news is that your son or daughter will go from F2A to F2B, and there is often a much longer wait for a permanent resident opening (immigrant visa or green card) in the F2B category than in the F2A category. The good news is that you don't have to start the process all over again. U.S. immigration authorities will automatically convert your son or daughter's category from F2A to F2B.

The better news—for some people—is that U.S. immigration law might pretend that your son or daughter is still under 21, and still in category F2A. You are allowed to subtract from your child's true age the number of days that the I-130 was awaiting a decision from USCIS, as described in How the CSPA Helps Family-Based Preference Relatives and Derivative Beneficiaries.

How Long Will Your Son or Daughter's Immigration Process Take?

How soon your son or daughter (married or over 21) will be able to immigrate to the U.S. after you submit the I-130 depends on how much demand there is in category F2B by people from their home country. Category F2B allows only around 26,000 people to become permanent residents each year worldwide, and there is also a limit on the number of new residents from each country. So, your adult son or daughter might have to wait many years before an immigrant visa or green card becomes available. Waits for people from Mexico and the Philippines tend to be several years longer than for other people, because of high demand.

Green cards are allotted based on the "priority date," or date that USCIS received the I-130 petition for your relative. You can up-to-date priority date information within the Visa Bulletin on the U.S. Department of State website.

Issues If the Son or Daughter Is Living in the U.S. Unlawfully

Living in the U.S. without authorization can lead to the person accruing "unlawful presence," and thus becoming inadmissible and possibly ineligible for a green card, as described in Consequences of Unlawful Presence in the U.S.—Three– and Ten-Year Time Bars and The Permanent Bar to Immigration for Certain Repeat Violators.

See an immigration attorney immediately if your son or daughter is living in the U.S. unlawfully (after an illegal entry or the expiration of a visa or other authorized stay). A waiver might be available from USCIS for your relative, which would legally excuse the unlawful presence. Having an approved I-130 alone, however, will not solve the problem of unlawful presence.

I-130 Form: Step-by-Step Instructions

This article discusses the version of the form dated 07/20/2021. Check the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services ("USCIS") website for the most up-to-date version. USCIS will not accept old versions.

General Instructions for Filling Out Form I-130

It's best to fill out the form on a computer. If you can't do that, write your answers using black ink.

If you can't fit an answer in the box or space provided, you will need to write or type it on the last page, in Part 9: Additional Information. Make sure to write the page number, part number, and item number that you are supplementing. If you run out of room in Part 9, you can attach an additional piece of paper to the end of the form. On every sheet of additional paper, indicate the item number that your answer refers to, and date and sign each sheet. (If you're filling in the form on a computer, you will notice that you can't type certain things in the boxes.)

Part 1: Relationship

Question 1: Check the fourth box, "Child."

Question 2: Check the box that best describes your relationship with your child and the circumstances of your child's birth.

Question 3: Leave blank.

Question 4: This asks whether you were adopted. Being adopted does not preclude you from sponsoring your own adult child.

Part 2. Information About You (Petitioner)

Part 2 asks for information about the petitioner—that is, you, the U.S. lawful permanent resident.

Question 1: You will find your Alien Registration Number (known as an A-Number) on your green card.

Question 2: If you have an online account with USCIS write it here, but such a number is not required.

Question 3: Enter your Social Security Number.

Questions 4-5: Enter your full name and others by which you've been known. You need not mention personal nicknames, but should include any first or last names that might have made it onto paperwork that you will, now or later, be submitting to the immigration decision-makers.

Questions 6-9: Self explanatory.

Question 10: Enter your mailing address. If you're living in the U.S., you need only indicate your state. Province, postal code, and country should be filled in only if you are living abroad. If you're not living in the U.S., you need to see a lawyer about your own immigration status, because you may have lost it, and your I-130 would not be approved.

Question 11: Mark whether your current address is the same as your physical address. If it's not, make sure to include your physical address in the next question.

Questions 12-15: Write your physical address history for the last five years, starting with your current physical address and going back chronologically. Include the dates that you resided at each address location.

Question 16: List how many times you have been married, including your current marriage. If you've never been married, put "0."

Question 17: This refers to your most recent marital status. For example, if you are currently married but previously divorced, simply check "married."

Question 18: Write the date of your current marriage; if you are not currently married, put N/A.

Question 19: "Place" of marriage means the city and state or country where you were married.

Questions 20-23: Add names of any current or prior husbands and wives. If currently married, list your current spouse first. For previous marriages, include the date the marriage ended. If your previous spouse died, the marriage ended on the date of death. If you got divorced, look for the date the judge signed the final divorce decree.

Questions 24-35: Information about your parents. For a parent who is no longer living, write "deceased" and the year of death in city/town/village of residence.

Question 36: Check the box for "lawful permanent resident."

Questions 37-39: As a green card holder, you do not answer these questions.

Questions 40-41: Permanent residents will find the date of admission and class of admission on their green card or immigrant visa. "Place of admission" is where you either entered the U.S. with your immigrant visa for the first time, or (if you adjusted status), the location of the USCIS office that approved your green card.

Questions 42-49: List your employment history for the last five years, starting with your current job or most recent job. If you are have no job, put "unemployed" in question 42 (or "student," if applicable).

Part 3: Biographic Information

Questions 1-6: Fill in your personal information. In Question 1, select only one box. In Question 2, select all applicable boxes.

Part 4: Information About Beneficiary

Part 4 asks for information about your foreign-born son or daughter, referred to as "the beneficiary."

Question 1: Your son or daughter would not have an Alien Registration Number unless they were previously in the U.S., and even then only if they had applied for some kind of immigration benefit while in the U.S. or was placed into removal (deportation) proceedings. See a lawyer to make sure this history doesn't affect your child's future immigration prospects.

Question 2: Your son or daughter would not have an online account number unless they already paid the USCIS immigrant fee, after someone else petitioned for them.

Question 3: Your son or daughter won't have a Social Security Number unless they have lived in the U.S. and had a work permit, a visa allowing work, or U.S. residence. If your child doesn't have a Social Security number, write "none" here.

Question 4: Provide your child's full, current name.

Question 5: You need not mention personal nicknames of your son or daughter, but should include any first or last names by which they've been commonly known, and which therefore might have made it onto paperwork that will, now or later, be submitted to U.S. immigration decision-makers.

Questions 6-9: Self explanatory.

Question 10: This question asks if anyone has ever filed a petition for your son or daughter (most likely also on Form I-130). Checking that someone else has filed for the petitioner (for example, a pending F4 sibling petition by a U.S. citizen sibling does not preclude you from filing this petition, which is in category F2B petition. More than one petition can be on file for someone at once. (See Can More Than One U.S. Family Member Petition for the Same Immigrant?.) Or you can check "unknown," if your son or daughter truly does not know whether someone has filed a petition for him or her.

Question 11: List your son or daughter's current address. If they live somewhere without a street number, enter as much identifying information as you can (such as district or neighborhood).

Question 12: Put the address in the U.S. where the beneficiary intends to live, if it's somewhere different than your address. If it's the address you already listed on Question 11, you can leave it blank.

Question 13: Answer only if your child is currently living in the United States. Leave blank if they are living in another country. If your child illegally entered the U.S., or overstayed a visa, consult an attorney immediately—the child is likely inadmissible to the U.S., which will make it impossible to get a green card anytime soon unless a narrow exception applies.

Questions 17-24: These relate to your child's marital history. Your child is not eligible for approval of this petition if currently married. However, if the child is divorced, you can still file the I-130 petition, and should put the name of your child's prior spouse and the date the marriage ended.

Questions 25-44: These ask about your son or daughter's current spouse and children. Your child should not have a current spouse. However, if they have children under the age of 21, the children may be included in this visa category as "derivative beneficiaries," so long as you do not become a U.S. citizen.

Question 45: It's important to state whether the child has been in the U.S., because certain types of negative immigration history affect eligibility for permanent residence (or indeed any other application for U.S. entry).

Question 46: Enter N/A if your child is living outside the United States. If living inside the U.S., state what visa status the child legally entered in. (For example, B-2 visitor or F-1 student.)

The "I-94" arrival/departure record number was created when your son or daughter entered the U.S. or changed status within the United States. If your son or daughter doesn't have a little white I-94 card stapled into their passport (the U.S. government stopped doing this in May 2013 for people arriving by plane or ship), or attached to an approval notice when they changed status, you can search for the I-94 number online. (Some persons, such as Canadian tourists driving across the border, do not have I-94s created for them.) The date your son's or daughter's authorized stay expired or will expire is shown on the I-94 (or I-95 if they entered on a crewmember's visa). Write "D/S"—for "duration of status"—if your son or daughter was admitted on a student visa or exchange visitor visa with no specific end date.

Questions 47-50: These deal with your son or daughter's passport or travel document. Most beneficiaries have a passport. However, some, such as refugee or asylees, do not have passports, and can be issued travel documents by the Department of State instead.

Questions 51-52: List where your son or daughter currently works. If currently unemployed, enter "unemployed" on Question 51a, or "student," if applicable.

Questions 53-56: If your son or daughter is or has been in immigration court (removal or deportation) proceedings in the U.S., be sure to contact an attorney before filing Form I-130.

Questions 57-58: If your son's or daughter's native language uses a non-Roman script (for example, Russian, Chinese, or Arabic), write the name and address in that script.

Questions 59-60: Leave blank, because you are not filing for your spouse.

Question 61: Answer this only if your son or daughter is already living in the U.S. and plans to apply for adjustment of status. See a lawyer if you're unsure whether your son or daughter qualifies to use this application procedure—it's unlikely, unless they have a long-term, valid visa. As a backup, you will need to answer Question 62. If your son or daughter will not be adjusting status, put "N/A" and skip to Question 62.

Question 62: If your son or daughter will apply for a visa abroad, list the U.S. consulate nearest to where they currently live. If you don't know or can't decide, don't worry—write the capital of the home country, and USCIS will figure out which consulate the case will be sent to. If the country listed doesn't have diplomatic relations with the U.S., USCIS will locate one in a nearby country to handle the case.

Part 5: Other Information

This has more questions for you, the petitioner.

Questions 1-5: These are meant to uncover the U.S. petitioner's history (if any) of petitioning other immigrants to come to the U.S., just in case you've shown any patterns of suspicious use of the immigration laws. For place of filing, use the city and state you were living in when you filed the petition. The "result" is whether your petition was approved or denied (not whether the green card or visa application was eventually approved or denied).

Questions 6-9: These refer to other I-130 petitions you are filing at the same time as the one for your son or daughter (for example, a petition for your spouse, or another son or daughter), so that USCIS can process everyone together. (Their applications could be separated later, however, based on different priorities within the visa preference system.)

Part 6: Petitioner's Statement, Contact Information, Declaration, and Signature

These are aimed at finding out whether you understand English and therefore the contents of the petition you prepared, as well as whether you had help preparing it. Don't forget to sign your name in Question 6.

Part 7: Interpreter's Contact Information, Declaration, and Signature

If assisted by an interpreter, that person must sign under Part 7, filling in the needed information.

Part 8: Contact Information, Declaration, and Signature of the Person Preparing this Petition, If Other Than the Petitioner

For your protection, it is best to have an attorney or accredited representative prepare your forms for you. If assisted by an attorney, they will sign under Part 8, filling in the needed information.

Required Documents for Submission With I-130

You will need to gather copies (not originals) of the following documents along with the signed forms and filing fees:

  • Proof of U.S. permanent residence. This will require a copy of your green card (front and back) or your passport stamped with an I-551 (temporary proof of lawful permanent residence status sometimes given in advance of the actual green card).
  • Proof of your parent-child relationship: In most cases of blood-related children, all you need to provide is a copy of the child's birth certificates listing you as the parent; and if you're the father, a copy of your marriage certificate showing your relationship to the child's mother. For a stepchild, you must also provide certificates showing your and your spouse's various marriages' termination and formation. For a child born out of wedlock, if you're the father, you will need to submit proof of legitimation or a bona fide parent-child relationship. For more information, see How to Prove a Parent-Child Relationship for Citizenship or Immigration Purposes. And be sure to provide English-language translations if need be.
  • Child's passport: Include a copy of your child's passport or travel document, even if it will most likely expire before the priority date is current.
  • Fees. The fee for an I-130 petition is $535 until March 31, 2024; then on April 1, 2024, it goes up to $625 for online filing and $675 for paper filing. (It's always wise to double-check the I-130 page of the USCIS website or call USCIS at 800-375-5283 for the latest amount.) You can pay by check, money order, or by filling out and submitting Form G-1450, Authorization for Credit Card Transactions.

Where to File the Form I-130 Petition

After you, the U.S. petitioner, have prepared and assembled all the forms and other items listed above, make a photocopy for your personal records. You then have a choice: You can either file online or mail the whole petition packet to the USCIS "lockbox" indicated on the USCIS I-130 filing addresses page.

The lockbox will process the fee payment, then forward the petition to a USCIS Service Center for further handling.

What Happens After Filing the I-130

Soon after filing the petition, you should get a receipt notice from USCIS. This will tell you to check the USCIS website for information on how long the application is likely to remain in processing. Look for the receipt number in the upper left-hand corner, which you will need in order to check the status of the case. There, you can also sign up for automatic email updates about the case. You can check the status of your case online as well.

If USCIS needs additional documentation to complete the application, it will send you a letter (called a Request for Evidence or RFE) asking for it. Eventually USCIS will send an approval or a denial of the I-130 petition. This could take a long time, but don't worry—it will not affect the speed of your son or daughter's case. The "priority date" establishing your son or daughter's place on the waiting list for a visa has already been set, as of the date USCIS received the I-130 petition.

If USCIS denies the petition, it will send a denial notice stating why. Your best bet is most likely to start over and refile (rather than attempting an appeal), and fix the reason USCIS gave for denial. But don't just refile it if you don't understand why the first one got denied—get an attorney's help.

If USCIS approves the application, it will send you a notice and then forward the case to the National Visa Center (NVC) for further processing. Your son or daughter can expect to later receive communications from the NVC and/or consulate, telling him or her when it's time to apply for the visa and go for the interview. See Consular Processing Procedures for more information.

You might think that you could speed up your son or daughter's case by becoming a U.S. citizen (in which case they would automatically move to the F1, family first preference category), but adult sons and daughters of U.S. citizens often end up waiting longer than sons and daughters of permanent residents! If you do become a citizen after your I-130 is filed, and this will be less beneficial for your son or daughter based on his or her priority date, you can ask USCIS to keep your son or daughter in the F2B category.

Next Steps After Priority Date Becomes Current

If your immigrating son or daughter is living in the U.S. and is eligible to adjust status here, the next step (when USCIS is ready to accept the application—see the USCIS web page on this subject to learn how to find out when) is to file an I-485 application for adjustment of status. Your son or daughter, and perhaps you as well, may be called in for an interview at a USCIS office. See Adjustment of Status Procedures for more information.

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