How Much Do Long-Term Disability Attorneys Charge?

Long-term disability, or LTD, is a type of insurance policy that will pay you a percentage of the wages you were earning before you became ill or injured. LTD policies are often offered by employers as part of a benefits package, but can also be purchased individually. If you need to take time off work due to a medical condition, you can file a claim with your LTD provider for monthly benefits while you recover.

If your claim is denied—and many are—you may be thinking about hiring a long-term disability attorney. But for people who are already struggling to pay bills without a source of income, the idea of hiring a lawyer can seem cost prohibitive. Knowing how long-term disability lawyers' fees work can help you make an informed decision that makes the most financial sense for your situation.

How Much Does a Long-Term Disability Lawyer Cost?

It may reassure you to know that long-term disability attorneys generally charge little or no money up-front and instead handle disability cases on a "contingency" basis. Under a contingency fee agreement, the attorney is compensated from the proceeds of your case (in other words, the long-term disability benefits that you win).

The lawyer usually gets 25% to 40% of your LTD settlement amount or your monthly benefits. So, for example, in a case where you win $30,000 in past-due benefits, your attorney might charge anywhere from $7,500 to $12,000. If you don't win your LTD case, your attorney doesn't collect a fee.

Understanding and Negotiating Your Long-Term Disability Lawyer's Fee

Before agreeing to a contingency fee for a long-term disability claim, make sure you're clear on the exact percentage of your award the attorney will receive. Remember that everything is negotiable—if your attorney offers to take your case for 40%, consider making a reasonable counteroffer, perhaps at 25%. If you can't come to an agreement on the fee, call another firm and do some comparison shopping. But don't forget that you generally get what you pay for. Hiring an inexpensive attorney with no experience is a false economy.

If your case settles and you obtain a single lump-sum settlement for past and future long-term disability benefits, it's easy to determine your lawyer's fee. But what if your LTD insurance company approves you for monthly LTD benefits instead of a one-time settlement? Will your lawyer receive a percentage of only the past-due benefits, or the future monthly amounts as well? Do you want to be paying your lawyer a sizable chunk of your monthly check for as long as you receive benefits? Think very carefully before agreeing to pay your lawyer any portion of future benefits as it can cost you dearly.

Will My Disability Insurance Company Pay My Attorney's Fees?

You might be able to get your insurance company to pay your attorney's fees if your employer pays for your long-term disability policy—because employer plans are subject to a federal law known as ERISA—but you're probably out of luck if you have an individual plan.

Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)

Most group long-term disability plans are governed by ERISA, which contains a provision where a federal court can order your insurer to cover your attorney's fees. Such an award is at the discretion of the judge, and it's by no means automatic. Long-term disability insurance companies won't cover attorneys' fees unless a judge specifically orders them to do so.

The Supreme Court made clear in Hardt v. Reliance Standard Life Insurance Company, 560 U.S. 242 (2010), that you don't necessarily need to be the prevailing party to receive attorneys' fees. Rather, you need to demonstrate "some degree of success on the merits," a standard that hasn't been applied consistently since the Court's decision. Still, most courts consider five factors in deciding whether to award attorneys' fees:

• Did the opposing party act in bad faith?
• Will an award deter others from engaging in similar conduct?
• Did the party requesting fees obtain a benefit for other plan participants through the litigation?
• What were the merits of the parties' positions?
• Is the opposing party able to pay an award of attorneys' fees?

While the Court's reasoning technically allows insurers to seek attorneys' fees from disability claimants, this move is rarely pursued by insurance companies or granted by courts.

If a judge awards you attorneys' fees, note that the award won't cover the attorney's time spent on the administrative appeal within the insurance company, only the hours spent on litigation in the federal district and appellate courts.

Individual LTD Plans

Those with individual LTD plans or group plans not covered by ERISA operate under the "American Rule," which states that each party pays for his or her own attorney. This rule is rarely set aside absent extraordinary circumstances.

Who Pays the Expenses Related to Your Long-Term Disability Case?

Most disability law firms will front the money for litigation-related expenses, but require you to reimburse them for these costs when your case concludes. Expenses typically include the following:

• costs of obtaining medical records or expert opinions
• travel expenses
• depositions
• filing fees
• postage, and
• copying costs.

The expenses are charged separately from your attorney's fee, and you'll likely be required to pay them even if you lose your case. Read the lawyer's expense agreement carefully before signing it, and be wary of agreeing to reimburse your attorney for "overhead" or anything else unrelated to your particular case. When your case has ended, you should receive an itemized list of expenses along with your bill.

Is Your LTD Attorney's Fee Excessive?

Although attorneys sometimes go unpaid under contingent fee agreements, other times a lawyer will work on a case for only a few hours (or less) and be entitled to several thousand dollars as per the fee agreement. This strikes many clients as unfair, and lawyers themselves debate the ethics of it. Many state bar associations prohibit lawyers from charging fees that are clearly excessive or unrelated to the amount of work performed, even on a contingent basis.

If you feel your attorney's fee is grossly disproportionate to the amount of work performed, you should first discuss the issue with your lawyer. Some lawyers will reduce the fee on their own— others won't. To file a complaint about excessive attorneys' fees, contact your state bar association.

Finding and Hiring a Long-Term Disability Lawyer

For most LTD claimants, giving their attorney a percentage of their past-due payments is well worth it, especially if they need to appeal a denial. If you're still on the fence, check out our article about the benefits of hiring a long-term disability lawyer. You can also learn more about how to get LTD for specific medical conditions such as back pain, cancer, and mental health disorders.