New York Tenant Rights to Withhold Rent or “Repair and Deduct”

New York tenants are legally entitled to rental property that meets basic structural, health, and safety standards and is in good repair. If a landlord fails to take care of important maintenance, such as a leaky roof or a broken heater, you have several important legal rights, including:

• the right to withhold rent until repairs are made, and
• the right to "repair and deduct"—that is, to hire a repairperson to fix a serious defect that makes a unit unfit (or buy a replacement part or item and do it yourself) and deduct the cost from your rent.

What Justifies Tenants Paying Less Rent in New York

Before you can withhold rent or use the repair and deduct remedy, make sure that the circumstances justify you paying less rent and that you comply with state legal requirements on things like notice you must provide your landlord. Check New York state law (see resources below) on the following:

• the type of repair and habitability problems that qualify for rent withholding or repair-and-deduct
• the type of notice you must give the landlord and the amount of time the landlord has to fix the problem before you can withhold rent or use the repair and deduct remedy
• the limit on how much rent you may withhold or deduct and how often you can use a particular remedy
• your protection from landlord retaliation, such as a termination notice or a rent increase, for exercising your legal right to pay less rent because of a habitability problem, and
• any other conditions that apply before you can withhold or deduct rent, such as a requirement that you pay rent into an escrow account.

New York Guide to Tenant Rights

For an overview of New York landlord-tenant law, including your rights to habitability, see ag.ny.gov.

New York State and Local Law on Rent Withholding, Repair-and-Deduct, and Landlord Retaliation

For state laws on rent withholding, see N.Y. Real Prop. Law § 235-b; N.Y. Mult. Dwell. Law § 302-a (applies to all cities with populations of 400,000 or more); N.Y. Mult. Res. Law § 305-a (applies to cities with populations of less than 500,000 and all towns and villages); Semans Family Ltd. Partnership v. Kennedy, 675 N.Y.S.2d 489 (N.Y. City Civ.Ct.1998).

For state law on repair and deduct, see N.Y. Real Prop. Law § 235-b and Jangla Realty Co. v. Gravagna 447 N.Y.S.2d 338 (Civ. Ct., Queens County, 1981).

For state law prohibiting landlord retaliation, see N.Y. Real. Prop. Law § 223-b.

As with many areas of law in New York, it's important to check your local laws and procedures. Specifically, the laws in New York City and the counties of Nassau, Suffolk, Rockland, and Westchester often differ from state law.

See the Laws and Legal Research section of Nolo for advice on finding and reading statutes and court decisions.

Also, check your local housing ordinances for any city or county rules that cover tenant rights when it comes to repairs (especially if you live in rental property that is covered by rent regulation or rent stabilization). Contact your local building or housing authority. To find yours, call your mayor or city manager's office or check your city or county website.