Avoiding Probate in Ohio

Probate court proceedings (when a deceased person's assets are transferred to the people who inherit them) can be long, costly, and confusing. It's no wonder so many people take steps to spare their families the hassle. Different states, however, offer different ways to avoid probate. Here are your options in Ohio.

Living Trusts

In Ohio, you can make a living trust to avoid probate for virtually any asset you own—real estate, bank accounts, vehicles, and so on. You need to create a trust document (it's similar to a will), naming someone to take over as trustee after your death (called a "successor trustee"). Then—and this is crucial—you must transfer ownership of your property to yourself as the trustee of the trust. Once all that's done, the property will be controlled by the terms of the trust. At your death, your successor trustee will be able to transfer it to the trust beneficiaries without probate court proceedings.

Joint Ownership

If you own property jointly with someone else, and this ownership includes the "right of survivorship," then the surviving owner automatically owns the property when the other owner dies. No probate will be necessary to transfer the property, although of course it will take some paperwork to show that title to the property is held solely by the surviving owner.

In Ohio, these forms of joint ownership are available:

• Joint tenancy (also called "survivorship tenancy" in Ohio). Property owned in joint tenancy automatically passes to the surviving owners when one owner dies. No probate is necessary. Joint tenancy often works well when couples (married or not) acquire real estate, vehicles, bank accounts, or other valuable property together. In Ohio, each owner, called a joint tenant, must own an equal share. (Ohio Rev. Code §§ 5302.17, 5302.20 (2024).)
• Tenancy by the entirety. This form of joint ownership is like joint tenancy, but it's allowed only for married couples in Ohio. A tenancy by the entirety can no longer be created in Ohio, but it's a valid form of ownership if it was created between February 9, 1972, and April 3, 1985. In Ohio, tenancy by the entirety is allowed for real estate only. (Ohio Rev. Code § 5302.22(A)(4) (2024).)

There's another form of joint ownership called "tenancy in common." In a tenancy in common, a co-owner's share doesn't go to the other owners. Instead, a deceased person's share of the property passes to their heirs and generally will require probate. If the document used to transfer jointly owned property—such as a deed—doesn't clearly state that it's a joint tenancy, then the property will be considered a tenancy in common. (Ohio Rev. Code § 5302.19 (2024).)

Payable-on-Death Designations for Bank Accounts

In Ohio, you can add a "payable-on-death" (POD) designation to bank accounts such as savings accounts or certificates of deposit. You still control all the money in the account—your POD beneficiary has no rights to the money, and you can spend it all if you want. At your death, the beneficiary can claim the money directly from the bank without probate court proceedings. (Ohio Rev. Code § 2131.10 (2024).)

Transfer-on-Death Registration for Securities

Ohio lets you register stocks and bonds in transfer-on-death (TOD) form. People commonly hold brokerage accounts this way. If you register an account in TOD (also called beneficiary) form, the beneficiary you name will inherit the account automatically at your death. No probate court proceedings will be necessary; the beneficiary will deal directly with the brokerage company to transfer the account. (Ohio Rev. Code §§ 1709.01 and following (2024).)

Transfer-on-Death Deeds for Real Estate

Ohio allows you to leave real estate with a transfer-on-death deed, called a transfer-on-death designation affidavit in Ohio. You sign and record the designation affidavit now, but it doesn't take effect until your death. You can revoke it or sell the property at any time; the beneficiary you name has no rights until your death. (Ohio Rev. Code § 5302.22 (2024).)

Transfer-on-death Registration for Vehicles

Ohio allows transfer-on-death registration of vehicles. If you register your vehicle this way, the beneficiary you name will automatically inherit the vehicle after your death. No probate court proceeding will be necessary. (Ohio Rev. Code § 2131.13 (2024).)

Simplified Probate Procedures

Even if you don't do any planning to avoid probate, your estate might qualify for Ohio's simplified "small estate" probate procedures. For more details, see Probate Shortcuts in Ohio. For more on avoiding probate, see 8 Ways to Avoid Probate, by Mary Randolph (Nolo).