Death With Dignity in Missouri

In recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of states considering death with dignity laws. Sometimes called "medical aid in dying," "assisted suicide," or "right to die" initiatives, these laws make it possible for terminally ill patients to use prescribed medication to end their lives peacefully rather than suffering a difficult death.

The catalyst for greater national attention to this issue was 29-year-old Brittany Maynard, a woman diagnosed with terminal brain cancer who moved from California to Oregon to end her life in 2014. Maynard chose Oregon because California had not yet passed its aid-in-dying law, and Oregon was one of just a few states to allow terminally ill patients to legally end their lives.

Missouri's 2025 Marilyn Teitelbaum Death With Dignity Act

Spurred by Maynard's decision and the resulting publicity, the Missouri General Assembly first considered a death with dignity law in 2018. Most recently, in the 2025 legislative session, Missouri lawmakers introduced another aid-in-dying bill, called the Marilyn Teitelbaum Death With Dignity Act (HB453). This bill, too, failed to pass. If it had been enacted, the law would have functioned much like Oregon's Death With Dignity Act, allowing terminally ill patients who met certain requirements to request and use life-ending medication.

This article first clarifies some confusing language related to medical aid in dying laws and then sets out some things Missourians can do to bring a death with dignity law to their state.

Death With Dignity, Medical Aid in Dying, Assisted Suicide, Right to Die: What's the Difference?

"Death with dignity" and "medical aid in dying" are two of the most commonly accepted phrases describing the process by which a terminally ill person ingests prescribed medication to hasten death. Many people still think of this process as "assisted suicide" or "physician assisted suicide." However, proponents of death with dignity argue that the term "suicide" doesn't apply to terminally ill people who would prefer to live but, facing certain death within months, choose a more gentle way of dying. In fact, Missouri's proposed law states that terminating one's life under the law is not suicide. (See HB453, Section 191.2495.)

Increasingly, health organizations are turning away from the term "suicide" to describe a terminally ill patient's choice to reduce the suffering of an inevitable death. The phrase "aid in dying" is becoming a more accepted way to refer to this process.

You could also see the phrase "right to die" used in place of "death with dignity" or "medial aid in dying." "Right to die," though, is more accurately used in the context of directing one's own medical care—that is, refusing life-sustaining treatment such as a respirator or feeding tubes when permanently unconscious or close to death. You can provide your own health care directions by completing a Missouri living will and durable power of attorney for health care. For information about appointing a health care agent and making known your own wishes for medical care at the end of life, see the Living Wills & Medical Powers of Attorney section of Nolo.com.

Advocating for a Medical Aid in Dying Act in Missouri

Citizen groups are continuing to work to legalize aid in dying in Missouri. If choice at the end of life is important to you, here are some things you can do:

• Contact your representatives in the state General Assembly and encourage them to support death with dignity in Missouri.
• Write a letter to the editor of your local newspaper.
• Tell your family, friends, health care providers, and others why you believe terminally ill patients should be allowed to choose medical aid in dying.
• Search for—or start—a community advocacy group. The Compassion & Choices website can help you connect with others in your area.

Learn More

To find out more about the history and current status of medical aid in dying laws in the United States, visit the website of the Death With Dignity National Center.