If you're a resident of Minnesota and trying to decide whether you need a living trust, you might be wondering what to take into consideration. What happens to your property under Minnesota laws if you don't have a trust? When might you want a living trust? How do you make a living trust? Below is an introduction to what a living trust does and a discussion of whether it makes sense for your situation.

What Is a Living Trust?

A "living" trust (also called an "inter vivos" trust) is simply a trust you create while you're alive. The beneficiaries you name in your living trust receive the trust property when you die. You could instead use a will, but wills must go through probate—the court process that oversees the transfer of your property to your beneficiaries.

Many people create a revocable living trust as part of their estate plan. These trusts can be modified or revoked at any time. Typically, you'll name yourself as the "trustee" of your trust. This means that while you're alive, you retain control of the trust and its property. In your trust document, you will also name a "successor trustee" to take over and manage the trust (distribute your property) after you die. (If you create a shared living trust, as is often done by spouses, then your successor trustee would assume control after both spouses have died.)

In contrast, irrevocable trusts can't be revoked or modified after they're signed. Irrevocable trusts can be useful tools for specific goals, like reducing taxes, but they require giving up ownership and control of trust property.

Do I Need a Living Trust in Minnesota?

When you set up a living trust to transfer your property to your loved ones after your death, you can potentially save them time, hassle, and money. Property left through a will (rather than a living trust) might be tied up for months or even years in probate court, and could involve significant court costs and lawyers' fees. By contrast, property left through a trust can be distributed to your beneficiaries almost immediately, and often without the need for an attorney.

However, Minnesota has fully adopted the Uniform Probate Code, a model law that some states follow to streamline their probate process. In addition, Minnesota also offers simplified probate processes for "small" estates. Your inheritors can bypass the probate process altogether and use a much faster affidavit (sworn statement) to claim property instead if the total value of your property that's subject to probate is $75,000 or less. (Minn. Stat. § 524.3-1201 (2024).)

Or your estate can use a simplified probate process called "summary proceedings" if:

• the deceased person left behind no probate estate—in other words, property that must go through probate (see above)
• the deceased person's property was destroyed, lost, or rendered valueless
• the only property in the estate is limited to (1) homestead property, (2) exempt property, or (3) the family allowance, or
• the value of the gross estate (outside of homestead property and exempt property) doesn't exceed $150,000.

(Minn. Stat. §524.3-1203 (2024).)

Because Minnesota's probate process is more streamlined, you might not need to worry about making a living trust just to avoid probate. And if your estate is likely to qualify for one of the shortcuts mentioned, you could very reasonably conclude that you don't need to make a living trust just to avoid probate. Still, there are a few other advantages of making a living trust. (See Living Trust vs. Will.)

In Minnesota, If I Make a Living Trust, Do I Still Need a Will?

Yes, you'll still need a will. This might seem confusing—isn't the point of a living trust to avoid needing a will? Yes, it is, and your will might never be used. But you should still write one, for one or both of the following reasons:

• Designating a guardian for minor children. You can't use a trust to name a guardian for your minor children. For this reason alone, if you have minor children, you should write a will that names the guardian.
• Accounting for property that you haven't transferred to your trust. It happens all the time—people create a trust and forget to formally transfer property to the trust (for example, they never get around to changing the deed on their house). Or, people buy or inherit property after they've set up their trust, and forget or don't know to take ownership as the trustee of their trust. Either way, the property won't be distributed according to the terms of the trust. You should have a will as a backup to dictate how assets that aren't in the trust should be distributed.

If you don't have a will, any property that isn't transferred by your living trust or other method (such as joint tenancy) will go to your closest relatives as determined by Minnesota state law.

Can a Living Trust Reduce Estate Tax in Minnesota?

Probably not. Most people don't need to worry about federal estate taxes because the federal estate tax is levied only on estates worth more than $13.61 million—or $27.22 million for married couples (for deaths in 2024). That said, Minnesota has its own separate state estate tax, which has a lower threshold (as well as a lower tax rate).

If you're worried about estate taxes, you might be able to use a more complicated trust (such as an AB trust) to reduce or avoid estate taxes—but you'll want to consult a lawyer.

How Do I Make a Living Trust in Minnesota?

To make a living trust in Minnesota, you:

1. Choose whether to make an individual or shared trust.
2. Decide what property to include in the trust.
3. Choose a successor trustee.
4. Decide who will be the trust's beneficiaries—that is, who will get the trust property.
5. Create the trust document. You can get help from an attorney or use WillMaker & Trust (see below).
6. Sign the document in front of a notary public.
7. Change the title of any trust property that has a title document—such as your house or car—to reflect that you now own the property as trustee of the trust.

You can use WillMaker & Trust to make a living trust using your computer. It has a simple interview format that allows you to complete the trust at your own pace, and it gives you lots of legal and practical help along the way. Based on your responses, the program produces a living trust document customized for you and your situation. With WillMaker & Trust, you can also make a will, powers of attorney, health care directives, and many other useful documents. Use it just for yourself or for your entire family.

For more on Minnesota estate planning issues, see Minnesota Estate Planning.