Probate Shortcuts in Massachusetts

The probate process can be long and drawn out, costing your survivors time as well as money. Fortunately, Massachusetts offers two probate shortcuts for "small estates." If the property you leave behind at your death is below a certain amount, Massachusetts allows the property to be transferred more quickly and with less hassle.

Voluntary Administration of Small Estates in Massachusetts

There are two types of small estate proceedings in Massachusetts. The first is called "voluntary administration of small estates."

How to Qualify for the Voluntary Administration

To qualify, the estate (the property owned by the deceased person at death) must meet these requirements:

• there's no real estate
• the property left behind by the deceased person is worth less than $25,000 (aside from one vehicle)
• 30 days have passed since the death, and
• no petition seeking probate of a will or appointment of a personal representative has been filed.

(Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 190B, § 3-1201 (2024).)

How to Use Massachusetts's Voluntary Administration Procedure

If your estate meets these requirements, the person wrapping up your affairs (usually an inheritor of your property) will petition the court to be named as the "personal representative" of your estate. They'll need to file a statement listing the assets in your estate, along with personal information, information about the deceased person, and information about those due to inherit from the deceased person. (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 190B, § 3-1201 (2024).)

Once this person is approved as the personal representative, they will be able to collect property owed, pay off debts, and distribute property to the inheritors without further court involvement. Of course, they'll need to do this correctly, or they'll be liable to anyone entitled to estate assets. Overall, the timeline for a small estate proceeding is much faster than for regular probate. (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 190B, § 3-1201 (2024).)

Simplified Probate for Small Estates (Summary Administration)

Massachusetts' other probate shortcut for small estates is called "summary administration."

How to Qualify for Summary Administration

You can use summary administration if the value of the entire estate, less liens and encumbrances (meaning after debts are subtracted), doesn't exceed the value of the:

• the family allowance (a set amount that a surviving spouse or children that the deceased person was supporting are entitled to under Massachusetts law)
• the exempt property allowance (a set amount a surviving spouse or children are entitled to under Massachusetts law)
• costs of administration (costs of probate)
• reasonable funeral expenses, and
• reasonable and necessary medical expenses of a last illness.

(Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 190B, § 3-1203 (2024).)

So what does all this mean? Calculating an exact dollar amount to compare against the size of your estate can be tricky, but it depends on your circumstances—for example, whether you leave behind a spouse or children. Some of these amounts also change over the years to match cost of living adjustments.

How to Use Massachusetts's Summary Administration Procedure

The bottom line is that if the size of your estate doesn't exceed these amounts, which can be set aside from your estate by law, your executor or personal representative can wrap up your estate in probate court very quickly because there aren't any remaining assets after these amounts are paid out.

Your executor or personal representative will need to file a Small Estate Closing Statement (MPC 851), and can then distribute the assets without having to jump through the hoops of regular probate. (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 190B, §§ 3-1203, 3-1204 (2024).)

For More Information

For more help handling an estate in general, see The Executor's Guide, by Mary Randolph (Nolo). For an introduction to how you can plan your estate to help your survivors, try Estate Planning Basics, by Denis Clifford (Nolo).

For more on Massachusetts estate planning issues, see our section on Massachusetts Estate Planning.