You went to court and got a judgment that says you're entitled to money from the party you sued, now called a "judgment debtor." What comes next? How can you—the judgment creditor—collect the money you're due? That's the focus of this article.
One way to collect is by putting judgment liens on the judgment debtor's District of Columbia property. After a quick review of how judgment liens differ from judgments, we'll turn our attention to the specifics of District of Columbia law. In particular, we cover:
If you want some background information, here's more about how court judgments are collected.
A judgment is a court order that says a judgment creditor is legally entitled to a sum of money from a judgment debtor. But a judgment, standing alone, isn't self-enforcing. That is, you can't take a judgment to your county sheriff's office and demand that the judgment debtor's real estate be sold to pay you.
If you want to seize and sell the judgment debtor's property, you first have to attach your judgment to specific items of property. That's what a judgment lien does. As we discuss later, when you record your judgment with the District of Columbia Recorder of Deeds, it becomes a lien against the judgment debtor's nonexempt real estate in the District. Once that's done, you can look for ways to turn your judgment into cold, hard cash.
In District of Columbia, you can attach judgment liens only to real estate, meaning land, houses, buildings, and other improvements. A properly recorded judgment attaches a lien to real estate the judgment debtor:
You can't put judgment liens on District of Columbia personal property—cars, artwork, antiques, electronics, household furnishings, and the like. But that doesn't mean a judgment debtor always gets to keep their autos, boats, and other big ticket items. Even without judgment liens, there's a way to have the sheriff seize personal property.
If you're considering this step, speak to a District of Columbia collection lawyer first. They can tell you whether it's worth your time and expense to go after the judgment debtor's personal property—and there's a good chance it won't be. If it's likely to be worthwhile, they'll guide you through the process.
Like all states, District of Columbia exempts some property—both real and personal—from the reach of creditors. Unless stated otherwise, dollar amounts mentioned here represent the maximum value of the debtor's exempt equity in the property, which might not be the same as the property's market value.
Here are a few examples.
A District of Columbia Superior Court judgment, or a judgment of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, becomes a lien on the judgment debtor's nonexempt real estate in the District when it's recorded with the District of Columbia Recorder of Deeds.
Follow these steps to get a judgment lien.
Once it's recorded, you have a judgment lien. Your lien is good for 12 years, unless you revive the judgment before it expires (discussed below).
(See D.C. Code § 15-102 (2025).)
A District of Columbia judgment expires 12 years from the later of:
(D.C. Code § 15-101(a) (2025).)
Once a judgment expires, it's legally dead. Nothing you do will bring it back to life. You've lost the right to collect the money you were owed. (D.C. Code § 15-101(b) (2025).)
Before your superior court judgment expires, you can revive it by filing a motion to revive with the court that issued it. You'll need to serve the judgment debtor with a copy of the motion, just as you would if you'd filed a lawsuit. The court will grant your motion unless the judgment debtor shows some reason why the judgment shouldn't be revived.
Once granted, the revival order extends your judgment and judgment lien for 12 years from the date of the order. (D.C. Code § 15-103 (2025).)
In general, there are three ways you can try to collect on a District of Columbia judgment lien:
If you want payment sooner rather than later, this is likely your best choice. No, you won't get all the money you're entitled to, but that's the nature of a settlement. You'll collect faster—and more inexpensively—than via the other two options.
Most often, a buyer or lender will insist on clear title, free of all judgment liens. To sell or refinance, the judgment debtor will have to approach you to make a deal. Only now, you've got more negotiating leverage. As long as you're willing to sit tight and wait, this too is a low-cost, low-stress way to collect.
Executing on your lien means having the sheriff sell the judgment debtor's property at auction. This might seem like a tempting option. But before you head down this path, check with a local attorney to find out about the legwork and costs involved. In addition, see who's ahead of you in payment priority, or you might discover—too late—that the sale proceeds aren't enough to pay you in full (or at all).
Lastly, be aware that this step might be just the push the judgment debtor needs to declare bankruptcy. Should that happen, you're likely to be standing in a long, very unhappy line of creditors with little chance of getting paid.
We've covered District of Columbia judgment lien basics, but of course, the devil's in the details. Now that you're familiar with District of Columbia law, you might decide that your best option is to get help collecting your judgment. An experienced District of Columbia creditor's rights or collection attorney can answer your questions and help you chart a collection path that gives you the best chance to maximize your recovery.