Judgment Liens on Property in Georgia

In Georgia, a property lien can be used to collect a court judgment. Here's how it works.

In a civil court case, after a judge or jury hands down a verdict -- or after a court-approved settlement -- a judgment is entered by the court. As part of a typical judgment, the court orders the payment of money from one person to another. But the person who owes the money (the debtor) doesn't always pay up. A judgment lien is one way to ensure that the person who won the judgment (the creditor) gets what he or she is owed. A judgment lien gives the creditor the right to be paid a certain amount of money from proceeds from the sale of the debtor's property.

So how do judgment liens work in Georgia? Read on to understand the rules. (For more background information on liens on property and judgments in general, check out Nolo's articles Collect Your Court Judgment with a Real Estate Lien and Can You Collect Your Judgment?)

What kind of property is subject to a judgment lien under Georgia law?

In Georgia, a judgment lien can be attached to the debtor's real estate -- meaning a house, condo, land, or similar kind of property interest -- or to the debtor's personal property -- things like jewelry, art, antiques, and other valuables.

How does a creditor go about getting a judgment lien in Georgia?

To attach a lien to real estate, the creditor records the judgment with the superior court clerk in the Georgia county where the debtor has real estate now or may have real estate in the future. For liens on personal property, in the Georgia county of the debtor's residence, the creditor enters a judgment on the execution docket that's kept by the clerk of the superior court.

How long does a judgment lien last in Georgia?

A judgment lien in Georgia will remain attached to the debtor's property (even if the property changes hands) for seven years (whether the lien is attached to real estate or to personal property).

Keep in mind: In Georgia, a creditor's ability to collect under a judgment lien will be affected by a number of factors -- including a fixed amount of value that won't be touchable if the property is the debtor's primary residence (called a homestead exemption), other liens that may be in place, and any foreclosure or bankruptcy proceedings. If things get complicated, you may want to talk with an experienced Georgia bankruptcy and debt attorney to help you sort out any lien issues.

Where can I look up Georgia law on judgment liens?

If you want to go right to the source and look up Georgia laws on judgment liens -- maybe you're a party to a judgment, or you're just researching potential encumbrances on property -- the relevant statute(s) can be found at Ga. Code Ann. Sections 9-12-81 to 82, 9-12-60, 9-12-83, 9-12-86. For tips on looking up Georgia state laws, check out Nolo's Laws and Legal Research section.